Java - One to many video call
This web application consists of a one-to-many video call using WebRTC technology. In other words, it is an implementation of a video broadcasting web application.
Note
Web browsers require using HTTPS to enable WebRTC, so the web server must use SSL and a certificate file. For instructions, check Configure a Java server to use HTTPS.
For convenience, this tutorial already provides dummy self-signed certificates (which will cause a security warning in the browser).
For the impatient: running this example
First of all, you should install Kurento Media Server to run this demo. Please visit the installation guide for further information.
To launch the application, you need to clone the GitHub project where this demo is hosted, and then run the main class:
git clone https://github.com/Kurento/kurento.git
cd kurento/tutorials/java/one2many-call/
git checkout main
mvn -U clean spring-boot:run
The web application starts on port 8443 in the localhost by default. Therefore, open the URL https://localhost:8443/ in a WebRTC compliant browser (Chrome, Firefox).
Note
These instructions work only if Kurento Media Server is up and running in the same machine
as the tutorial. However, it is possible to connect to a remote KMS in other machine, simply adding
the flag kms.url to the JVM executing the demo. As we’ll be using maven, you should execute
the following command
mvn -U clean spring-boot:run \
-Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments="-Dkms.url=ws://{KMS_HOST}:8888/kurento"
Understanding this example
There will be two types of users in this application: 1 peer sending media (let’s call it Presenter) and N peers receiving the media from the Presenter (let’s call them Viewers). Thus, the Media Pipeline is composed by 1+N interconnected WebRtcEndpoints. The following picture shows a screenshot of the Presenter’s web GUI:
One to many video call screenshot
To implement this behavior we have to create a Media Pipeline composed by 1+N WebRtcEndpoints. The Presenter peer sends its stream to the rest of the Viewers. Viewers are configured in receive-only mode. The implemented media pipeline is illustrated in the following picture:
One to many video call Media Pipeline
This is a web application, and therefore it follows a client-server architecture. At the client-side, the logic is implemented in JavaScript. At the server-side, we use a Spring-Boot based application server consuming the Kurento Java Client API, to control Kurento Media Server capabilities. All in all, the high level architecture of this demo is three-tier. To communicate these entities two WebSockets are used. First, a WebSocket is created between client and server-side to implement a custom signaling protocol. Second, another WebSocket is used to perform the communication between the Kurento Java Client and the Kurento Media Server. This communication is implemented by the Kurento Protocol. For further information, please see this page.
Client and application server communicate using a signaling protocol based on JSON messages over WebSocket ‘s. The normal sequence between client and server is as follows:
1. A Presenter enters in the system. There must be one and only one Presenter at any time. For that, if a Presenter has already present, an error message is sent if another user tries to become Presenter.
2. N Viewers connect to the presenter. If no Presenter is present, then an error is sent to the corresponding Viewer.
Viewers can leave the communication at any time.
4. When the Presenter finishes the session each connected Viewer receives an stopCommunication message and also terminates its session.
We can draw the following sequence diagram with detailed messages between clients and server:
One to many video call signaling protocol
As you can see in the diagram, SDP and ICE candidates need to be exchanged between client and server to establish the WebRTC connection between the Kurento client and server. Specifically, the SDP negotiation connects the WebRtcPeer in the browser with the WebRtcEndpoint in the server. The complete source code of this demo can be found in GitHub.
Application Server Logic
This demo has been developed using Java in the server-side, based on the Spring Boot framework, which embeds a Tomcat web server within the generated maven artifact, and thus simplifies the development and deployment process.
Note
You can use whatever Java server side technology you prefer to build web applications with Kurento. For example, a pure Java EE application, SIP Servlets, Play, Vert.x, etc. We chose Spring Boot for convenience.
In the following, figure you can see a class diagram of the server side code:
Server-side class diagram of the One2Many app
The main class of this demo is named One2ManyCallApp. As you can see, the KurentoClient is instantiated in this class as a Spring Bean. This bean is used to create Kurento Media Pipelines, which are used to add media capabilities to your applications. In this instantiation we see that a WebSocket is used to connect with Kurento Media Server, by default in the localhost and listening in the port TCP 8888.
@EnableWebSocket
@SpringBootApplication
public class One2ManyCallApp implements WebSocketConfigurer {
@Bean
public CallHandler callHandler() {
return new CallHandler();
}
@Bean
public KurentoClient kurentoClient() {
return KurentoClient.create();
}
public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addHandler(callHandler(), "/call");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new SpringApplication(One2ManyCallApp.class).run(args);
}
}
This web application follows a Single Page Application architecture
(SPA), and uses a WebSocket to communicate client with server
by means of requests and responses. Specifically, the main app class implements
the interface WebSocketConfigurer to register a WebSocketHandler to
process WebSocket requests in the path /call.
CallHandler
class implements TextWebSocketHandler to handle text WebSocket requests.
The central piece of this class is the method handleTextMessage. This
method implements the actions for requests, returning responses through the
WebSocket. In other words, it implements the server part of the signaling
protocol depicted in the previous sequence diagram.
In the designed protocol there are three different kind of incoming messages to
the Server : presenter, viewer, stop, and onIceCandidate.
These messages are treated in the switch clause, taking the proper steps in
each case.
public class CallHandler extends TextWebSocketHandler {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CallHandler.class);
private static final Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, UserSession> viewers = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, UserSession>();
@Autowired
private KurentoClient kurento;
private MediaPipeline pipeline;
private UserSession presenterUserSession;
@Override
public void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session, TextMessage message) throws Exception {
JsonObject jsonMessage = gson.fromJson(message.getPayload(), JsonObject.class);
log.debug("Incoming message from session '{}': {}", session.getId(), jsonMessage);
switch (jsonMessage.get("id").getAsString()) {
case "presenter":
try {
presenter(session, jsonMessage);
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleErrorResponse(t, session, "presenterResponse");
}
break;
case "viewer":
try {
viewer(session, jsonMessage);
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleErrorResponse(t, session, "viewerResponse");
}
break;
case "onIceCandidate": {
JsonObject candidate = jsonMessage.get("candidate").getAsJsonObject();
UserSession user = null;
if (presenterUserSession != null) {
if (presenterUserSession.getSession() == session) {
user = presenterUserSession;
} else {
user = viewers.get(session.getId());
}
}
if (user != null) {
IceCandidate cand = new IceCandidate(candidate.get("candidate").getAsString(),
candidate.get("sdpMid").getAsString(), candidate.get("sdpMLineIndex").getAsInt());
user.addCandidate(cand);
}
break;
}
case "stop":
stop(session);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
private void handleErrorResponse(Throwable t, WebSocketSession session,
String responseId) throws IOException {
stop(session);
log.error(t.getMessage(), t);
JsonObject response = new JsonObject();
response.addProperty("id", responseId);
response.addProperty("response", "rejected");
response.addProperty("message", t.getMessage());
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(response.toString()));
}
private synchronized void presenter(final WebSocketSession session, JsonObject jsonMessage) throws IOException {
...
}
private synchronized void viewer(final WebSocketSession session, JsonObject jsonMessage) throws IOException {
...
}
private synchronized void stop(WebSocketSession session) throws IOException {
...
}
@Override
public void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession session, CloseStatus status) throws Exception {
stop(session);
}
}
In the following snippet, we can see the presenter method. It creates a
Media Pipeline and the WebRtcEndpoint for presenter:
private synchronized void presenter(final WebSocketSession session, JsonObject jsonMessage) throws IOException {
if (presenterUserSession == null) {
presenterUserSession = new UserSession(session);
pipeline = kurento.createMediaPipeline();
presenterUserSession.setWebRtcEndpoint(new WebRtcEndpoint.Builder(pipeline).build());
WebRtcEndpoint presenterWebRtc = presenterUserSession.getWebRtcEndpoint();
presenterWebRtc.addIceCandidateFoundListener(new EventListener<IceCandidateFoundEvent>() {
@Override
public void onEvent(IceCandidateFoundEvent event) {
JsonObject response = new JsonObject();
response.addProperty("id", "iceCandidate");
response.add("candidate", JsonUtils.toJsonObject(event.getCandidate()));
try {
synchronized (session) {
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(response.toString()));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.debug(e.getMessage());
}
}
});
String sdpOffer = jsonMessage.getAsJsonPrimitive("sdpOffer").getAsString();
String sdpAnswer = presenterWebRtc.processOffer(sdpOffer);
JsonObject response = new JsonObject();
response.addProperty("id", "presenterResponse");
response.addProperty("response", "accepted");
response.addProperty("sdpAnswer", sdpAnswer);
synchronized (session) {
presenterUserSession.sendMessage(response);
}
presenterWebRtc.gatherCandidates();
} else {
JsonObject response = new JsonObject();
response.addProperty("id", "presenterResponse");
response.addProperty("response", "rejected");
response.addProperty("message", "Another user is currently acting as sender. Try again later ...");
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(response.toString()));
}
}
The viewer method is similar, but not he Presenter WebRtcEndpoint is
connected to each of the viewers WebRtcEndpoints, otherwise an error is sent
back to the client.
private synchronized void viewer(final WebSocketSession session, JsonObject jsonMessage) throws IOException {
if (presenterUserSession == null || presenterUserSession.getWebRtcEndpoint() == null) {
JsonObject response = new JsonObject();
response.addProperty("id", "viewerResponse");
response.addProperty("response", "rejected");
response.addProperty("message", "No active sender now. Become sender or . Try again later ...");
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(response.toString()));
} else {
if (viewers.containsKey(session.getId())) {
JsonObject response = new JsonObject();
response.addProperty("id", "viewerResponse");
response.addProperty("response", "rejected");
response.addProperty("message",
"You are already viewing in this session. Use a different browser to add additional viewers.");
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(response.toString()));
return;
}
UserSession viewer = new UserSession(session);
viewers.put(session.getId(), viewer);
String sdpOffer = jsonMessage.getAsJsonPrimitive("sdpOffer").getAsString();
WebRtcEndpoint nextWebRtc = new WebRtcEndpoint.Builder(pipeline).build();
nextWebRtc.addIceCandidateFoundListener(new EventListener<IceCandidateFoundEvent>() {
@Override
public void onEvent(IceCandidateFoundEvent event) {
JsonObject response = new JsonObject();
response.addProperty("id", "iceCandidate");
response.add("candidate", JsonUtils.toJsonObject(event.getCandidate()));
try {
synchronized (session) {
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(response.toString()));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.debug(e.getMessage());
}
}
});
viewer.setWebRtcEndpoint(nextWebRtc);
presenterUserSession.getWebRtcEndpoint().connect(nextWebRtc);
String sdpAnswer = nextWebRtc.processOffer(sdpOffer);
JsonObject response = new JsonObject();
response.addProperty("id", "viewerResponse");
response.addProperty("response", "accepted");
response.addProperty("sdpAnswer", sdpAnswer);
synchronized (session) {
viewer.sendMessage(response);
}
nextWebRtc.gatherCandidates();
}
}
Finally, the stop message finishes the communication. If this message is
sent by the Presenter, a stopCommunication message is sent to each
connected Viewer:
private synchronized void stop(WebSocketSession session) throws IOException {
String sessionId = session.getId();
if (presenterUserSession != null && presenterUserSession.getSession().getId().equals(sessionId)) {
for (UserSession viewer : viewers.values()) {
JsonObject response = new JsonObject();
response.addProperty("id", "stopCommunication");
viewer.sendMessage(response);
}
log.info("Releasing media pipeline");
if (pipeline != null) {
pipeline.release();
}
pipeline = null;
presenterUserSession = null;
} else if (viewers.containsKey(sessionId)) {
if (viewers.get(sessionId).getWebRtcEndpoint() != null) {
viewers.get(sessionId).getWebRtcEndpoint().release();
}
viewers.remove(sessionId);
}
}
Client-Side
Let’s move now to the client-side of the application. To call the previously
created WebSocket service in the server-side, we use the JavaScript class
WebSocket. We use a specific Kurento JavaScript library called
kurento-utils.js to simplify the WebRTC interaction with the server. This
library depends on adapter.js, which is a JavaScript WebRTC utility
maintained by Google that abstracts away browser differences. Finally
jquery.js is also needed in this application.
These libraries are linked in the
index.html
web page, and are used in the
index.js.
In the following snippet we can see the creation of the WebSocket (variable
ws) in the path /call. Then, the onmessage listener of the
WebSocket is used to implement the JSON signaling protocol in the client-side.
Notice that there are four incoming messages to client: presenterResponse,
viewerResponse, iceCandidate, and stopCommunication. Convenient
actions are taken to implement each step in the communication. For example, in
the function presenter the function WebRtcPeer.WebRtcPeerSendonly of
kurento-utils.js is used to start a WebRTC communication. Then,
WebRtcPeer.WebRtcPeerRecvonly is used in the viewer function.
var ws = new WebSocket('ws://' + location.host + '/call');
ws.onmessage = function(message) {
var parsedMessage = JSON.parse(message.data);
console.info('Received message: ' + message.data);
switch (parsedMessage.id) {
case 'presenterResponse':
presenterResponse(parsedMessage);
break;
case 'viewerResponse':
viewerResponse(parsedMessage);
break;
case 'iceCandidate':
webRtcPeer.addIceCandidate(parsedMessage.candidate, function (error) {
if (!error) return;
console.error("Error adding candidate: " + error);
});
break;
case 'stopCommunication':
dispose();
break;
default:
console.error('Unrecognized message', parsedMessage);
}
}
function presenter() {
if (!webRtcPeer) {
showSpinner(video);
var options = {
localVideo: video,
onicecandidate: onIceCandidate
}
webRtcPeer = new kurentoUtils.WebRtcPeer.WebRtcPeerSendonly(options,
function (error) {
if(error) {
return console.error(error);
}
webRtcPeer.generateOffer(onOfferPresenter);
});
}
}
function viewer() {
if (!webRtcPeer) {
showSpinner(video);
var options = {
remoteVideo: video,
onicecandidate: onIceCandidate
}
webRtcPeer = new kurentoUtils.WebRtcPeer.WebRtcPeerRecvonly(options,
function (error) {
if(error) {
return console.error(error);
}
this.generateOffer(onOfferViewer);
});
}
}
Dependencies
This Java Spring application is implemented using Maven. The relevant part of the pom.xml is where Kurento dependencies are declared. As the following snippet shows, we need two dependencies: the Kurento Client Java dependency (kurento-client) and the JavaScript Kurento utility library (kurento-utils) for the client-side. Other client libraries are managed with webjars:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.kurento</groupId>
<artifactId>kurento-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.kurento</groupId>
<artifactId>kurento-utils-js</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>webjars-locator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars.bower</groupId>
<artifactId>bootstrap</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars.bower</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-console</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars.bower</groupId>
<artifactId>adapter.js</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars.bower</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars.bower</groupId>
<artifactId>ekko-lightbox</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Note
You can find the latest version of Kurento Java Client at Maven Central.